What’s the maximum human lifespan? Neil deGrasse Tyson and co-hosts Chuck Nice and Gary O’Reilly explore how to extend your longevity, the history of medicine, and how we can live better with author of Outlive: The Science & Art of Longevity, Dr. Peter Attia. What is a lifespan versus a healthspan? Learn about how the human lifespan has been improved through medicine and how our healthspans have struggled to keep up. We discuss the evolutions of medicine, randomized control trials versus epidemiology, and chronic disease. What is aging? If we eliminate disease will we still age? We learn how cancer works, Alzheimer's disease, and what happens as we age. We break down the top things that will extend your lifespan. What makes the biggest difference in one’s longevity over anything else? How do you prevent neurodegenerative diseases? Find out about protein folding, genetic markers for Alzheimer’s, and one’s cognitive reserve. We discuss VO2 max and what the best type of exercise is for longevity. We talk about the phrase “I’ll sleep when I’m dead” and the evolutionary reason you might want to catch more Zs. Thanks to our Patrons Charles Macko, Richard S Buller, Jane Boltz, Chris Bickford, and Alan Gratz for supporting us this week. NOTE: StarTalk+ Patrons can watch or listen to this entire episode commercial-free. Get Dr. Peter Attia's book, "Outlive: The Science and Art of Longevity": https://amzn.to/40iu2ky Get the NEW Cosmic Queries book (5/5 ⭐s on Amazon!): https://amzn.to/3dYIEQF Support us on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/startalkradio FOLLOW or SUBSCRIBE to StarTalk: Twitter: http://twitter.com/startalkradio Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/StarTalk Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/startalk About StarTalk: Science meets pop culture on StarTalk! Astrophysicist & Hayden Planetarium director Neil deGrasse Tyson, his comic co-hosts, guest celebrities & scientists discuss astronomy, physics, and everything else about life in the universe. Keep Looking Up! #StarTalk #neildegrassetyson 00:00 - How long can we live? 5:10 - Lifespan vs. Healthspan 8:30 - Medicine 2.0 11:25 - RCT vs. Epidemiology 16:59 - What happens if we cure all diseases? 23:30 - Are we getting less healthy? 25:58 - Exercise & VO2 Max 36:10 - Why “I’ll Sleep When I’m Dead” is wrong & how sleep works 41:41 - Preventing Neurodegenerative Disease 54:45 - Nutrition and Longevity