What separates a temporary market pullback from a systemic, catastrophic collapse? And how do the world’s greatest financial institutions build the resilience required to survive the absolute "end of times"? In this episode of The Master Investor Podcast, Wilfred Frost sits down with Tom Michaud, the CEO of banking and finance specialists Keefe, Bruyette & Woods (KBW). Tom has spent over 40 years at KBW studying the banking sector, leading KBW through its 2006 IPO and subsequent 2013 acquisition by Stifel Financial. As the head of the industry's premier financial services investment bank, Tom brings unique insight into what’s happening under the surface of markets today and where the next major "torpedo in the ocean" is hiding. Wilfred and Tom map out the critical warning signs of a banking crisis, tracing the common threads between the Global Financial Crisis of 2008 and the sudden collapses of Silicon Valley Bank and First Republic in 2023. Tom explains the danger of unbridled growth for a bank especially when driven by uninsured deposits and fuelled by leverage. The biggest indicator to watch is credit turning south and “we should all know a credit normalisation is coming because it's just been too exceptional” - but he doesn’t expect it to derail the sector. He also reflects on the scale of the problems lying in the private credit sector. Tom outlines the bull case for banks from the ongoing "regulatory reset"; why scale matters more than eve; why he expects more bank M&A; and why he thinks the best investment strategy is to buy best-in-class trophy companies. While the upcoming suite of mega-cap tech IPOs is good news for banks, he warns investors to be cautious – “there is risk in these offerings” – and outlines why he thinks individual stock selection is more important than ever and explains the reason why his firm is doubling down on expert research. But the true heart of this episode lies in a deeply moving reflection on leadership under unimaginable pressure. KBW’s offices were located in the Twin Towers on September 11, 2001. Tom shares his firsthand experience of that morning – missing his usual train by a twist of fate, watching the tragedy unfold from the sidewalk, and losing 67 of his colleagues, including the firm's Co-CEO and an entire research department. He details the profound "reservoir of goodwill" and human kindness that allowed a shattered firm to pull together, push the rock up the hill every single day, and rebuild into the global powerhouse it is today with the underlying resilience that stems from emerging from an unimaginable crisis. Recorded 2nd June 2026 0:00 – Intro 3:00 – Lessons from 2008 – unbridled growth plus leverage are the warning signs 5:30 – Scale of leverage in banking is unique 6:39 – What happened with SVB and First Republic in 2023? 9:00 – Regulatory rationalisation tail wind 11:38 – Private credit not a threat to economy 14:20 – Banks ultimately in great shape 16:50 – Tech is 36% of SP500 vs 14% Financials 19:52 – Importance of scale in banking accentuated by AI - $JPM as example 24:11 – Banks weren’t built for negative rates and inverted yield curves 26:26 – A credit normalisation is coming, its been too exceptional 30:40 – Upcoming mega cap IPOs – “There is risk in these offerings” 34:00 – Stock selection is key 35:12 – I think M&A is going to remain very strong 37:20 – Crypto vs Banks 40:18 – Client trust is built over decades – AI can’t replicate that 42:56 – Leadership under unimaginable pressure - reflecting on 9/11 50:18 – Buy the trophies when they’re on sale 52:46 – Liquidity matters Sponsored by BNY Investments, World Gold Council, London Stock Exchange Group (LSEG) and Interactive Brokers - ibkr.com/masterinvestor. This podcast is for information purposes only. It does not constitute an invitation or inducement to engage in any investment activity. It is not a financial promotion as defined under section 21 of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (FSMA). The views expressed by the presenter of this podcast are those of the presenter and are provided in the course of journalism. This podcast benefits from the exemption under Article 20 of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Financial Promotion) Order 2005 (FPO), It does not require approval by a person authorised under the FSMA. Generic information, not identifying any specific investment, fund, provider or service, about a class of investments such as shares, bonds, derivatives and cryptoassets, might be provided and/or discussed during this podcast. Such discussion falls within the generic promotions exemption (Article 17 of the FPO). Such discussion is not a financial promotion requiring approval by an authorised person under section 21 of the FSMA. Investing involves risk. You should consult a suitably qualified adviser who can assess your individual circumstances before making any investment decision