Gregory Aldrete is a historian specializing in ancient Rome and military history. Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep443-sb See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc. *Transcript:* https://lexfridman.com/gregory-aldrete-transcript *CONTACT LEX:* *Feedback* - give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey *AMA* - submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama *Hiring* - join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring *Other* - other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact *EPISODE LINKS:* Gregory's Website: https://gregorysaldrete.com/ Gregory's Books: https://amzn.to/3z6NiKC Gregory's Great Courses Plus: https://www.thegreatcoursesplus.com/gregory-s-aldrete Gregory's Audible: https://adbl.co/4e72oP0 *SPONSORS:* To support this podcast, check out our sponsors & get discounts: *LMNT:* Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix. Go to https://lexfridman.com/s/lmnt-ep443-sb *Shopify:* Sell stuff online. Go to https://lexfridman.com/s/shopify-ep443-sb *AG1:* All-in-one daily nutrition drinks. Go to https://lexfridman.com/s/ag1-ep443-sb *BetterHelp:* Online therapy and counseling. Go to https://lexfridman.com/s/betterhelp-ep443-sb *ExpressVPN:* Fast & secure VPN. Go to https://lexfridman.com/s/expressvpn-ep443-sb *OUTLINE:* 0:00 - Introduction 2:23 - Ancient world 16:18 - Three phases of Roman history 19:08 - Rome's expansion 30:48 - Punic wars 39:20 - Conquering Greece 40:59 - Scipio vs Hannibal 44:05 - Heavy infantry vs Cavalry 47:42 - Armor 1:00:32 - Alexander the Great 1:06:33 - Roman law 1:16:13 - Slavery 1:23:53 - Fall of the Roman Republic 1:27:38 - Julius Caesar 1:32:17 - Octavian's rise 1:42:09 - Cleopatra 1:50:32 - Augustus 2:18:42 - Religion in Rome 2:42:47 - Emperors 2:49:54 - Marcus Aurelius 2:56:05 - Taxes 2:59:13 - Fall of the Roman Empire 3:16:25 - Decisive battles 3:40:35 - Hope *PODCAST LINKS:* - Podcast Website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast - Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr - Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 - RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ - Podcast Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4 - Clips Channel: https://www.youtube.com/lexclips *SOCIAL LINKS:* - X: https://x.com/lexfridman - Instagram: https://instagram.com/lexfridman - TikTok: https://tiktok.com/@lexfridman - LinkedIn: https://linkedin.com/in/lexfridman - Facebook: https://facebook.com/lexfridman - Patreon: https://patreon.com/lexfridman - Telegram: https://t.me/lexfridman - Reddit: https://reddit.com/r/lexfridman