Neil deGrasse Tyson claims that the historical trend of under-representing women in science has limited the intellectual capital applied to understanding the universe.

“in a day when only men did science it means half the population of the world half the intellectual capital of our species was not at the table at the time anyone is thinking about how the universe works”

It is highly probable that humanity is alone in the universe due to the extreme rarity of the specific conditions required for the emergence of complex, technological life.

“I think it's very high you think it's high I think it's very high that we're alone”

Given the sheer scale of the universe, it is highly likely that other life exists on one of the many planets in existence.

“but then I go there's a bias there because there's kids in the town in Botana that I was born in that are still in the town in Botswana that I was born in and they're not doing so good”

Discovering evidence of life on another world, even microbial, would be a transformative event for the human condition.

“the day we discover Life Will signal a change in the human condition that we cannot foresee or imagine”

Enceladus is a highly promising location to search for life due to the potential suitability of its interior ocean chemistry.

“it seems like a place not only is there liquid water in the interior but the hints we have about that ocean based on what we've seen in that plume suggests that the chemistry of that interior ocean may be really conducive to life it may have the right mix of chemicals”

Extant life might exist today beneath the icy shells of moons like Europa and Enceladus.

“on a world like Europa on a world like Enceladus these are worlds where if we find indications of life on the surface of the icy shells that's most likely I would argue an indication that life is currently alive in the oceans below”

She believes it is possible to find life in the solar system, specifically citing Enceladus as a primary target for future exploration.

“there's really good reason to think we actually might find life in our solar system we just gotta just gotta you know mount the you know get going on it all right”

He suggests that any sufficiently advanced alien civilization would be inherently benign because they would have evolved past self-destructive behaviors.

“any civilization that is advanced enough to come knocking on our doorstep has already filtered out I mean if you've got that far it has to be benign because if it wasn't benign it would have destroyed itself so yeah”