The United States has not yet provided the necessary global leadership for coordinating a pandemic response.

“And so the world is kind of -- you know, there's all this uncertainty about which thing will work, and there's this, "OK, who's in charge here?" And so the worst thing, the withdrawal from WHO, that is a difficulty that hopefully will get remedied at some point”

Humanity must commit resources to pandemic preparedness and address declining trust in public health to better manage future outbreaks.

“The big question is, will we commit the resources needed to tilt the global balance in favor of humanity, will we just neglect our collective responsibility until the next disaster blindsides us?”

Global coordination on pandemic response is currently lacking, hindering the ability to effectively allocate resources and manage the crisis.

“Now again we don't have global leadership in terms of how do we coordinate this how do the low and middle-income countries do with this versus the high-income countries every country is fighting for the same tools the same tests the same in 95s and we don't have a way to globally allocate those”

Governments should invest in resources like testing infrastructure, PPE, and immune-modulating drug stockpiles as a proactive hedge against future pandemics.

“it's not a staggering investment when you consider what we spend on health care and defense which are disproportionate to any other country by a log order and oftentimes by 2 log orders per capita you put a few billion dollars into this type of resource and you consider it more vital than you would ”

The United States must invest in infrastructure, stockpiling, and research capacity to effectively manage the inevitability of future pandemics.

“it's not going to be a question of if we have a major pandemic it's a question of when and these were the things that needed to be in place”