Population decline will lead to severe humanitarian crises in countries without robust social support systems.

“It's places like Thailand where fertility is below one and the money is not there to support a big social security system for old people. That's and where the health system is not as strong or like India or increasingly African countries, those are the places where the death toll will become apocaly”

Civilizations often experience a late-stage spiritual malaise characterized by a declining birth rate as they lose the will to reproduce.

“there does just seem to be a point where a civilization yeah reaches this this like spiritual malaise and it maybe we're just there”