A proportional withdrawal approach, taking money from a blend of taxable, tax-deferred, and tax-free accounts, can help smooth out tax liability and avoid spikes in taxable income.

“Another approach would be taking proportional withdrawals from their different accounts. Again, the taxable, the tax-deferred, and the Roth accounts. So instead of drawing exclusively from one account type, you would draw a blend from each, either in proportion to their size or based on a tax-effici”