In this episode from July 2022, Peter dives deep into the topic of bone health and explains why this is an important topic for everyone, from children to the elderly. He begins with an overview of bone mineral density, how it’s measured, how it changes over the course of life, and the variability between sexes largely due to changes in estrogen levels. From there he provides insights into ways that one can improve bone health, from exercise to nutrition supplements to drugs. Additionally, Peter discusses what happens when one may be forced to be sedentary (e.g., bedrest) and how you can work to minimize the damage during these periods. While this original episode is an AMA, it is available in full to all listeners as a special rebroadcast. View show notes here: https://bit.ly/3ToIkzh Become a member to receive exclusive content: https://peterattiamd.com/subscribe/ Sign up to receive Peter's email newsletter: https://peterattiamd.com/newsletter/ We discuss: 0:00:00 - Intro 0:01:12 - Overview of bone health topics to be discussed 0:05:17 - Bones 101: bone function, structure, and more 0:08:43 - Bone mineral density (BMD), minerals in bone, role of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, and more 0:15:00 - The consequences of poor bone health 0:18:55 - The devastating nature of hip fractures: morbidity and mortality data [18:00]; 0:25:06 - Where fractures tend to occur in the body 0:27:38 - Defining osteopenia and osteoporosis 0:30:21 - Measuring BMD with DEXA and how to interpret scores 0:38:11 - Variability in BMD between sexes 0:41:20 - When should people have their first bone mineral density scan? 0:44:32 - How BMD changes throughout the life and how it differs between men and women 0:49:27 - How changes in estrogen levels (e.g., menopause) impact bone health 0:54:35 - Why HRT is not considered a standard of care for postmenopausal bone loss 0:57:48 - Factors determining who may be at higher risk of poor bone health 1:02:20 - Common drugs that can negatively impact BMD 1:06:26 - How children can optimize bone health and lay the foundation for the future 1:12:00 - Types of physical activity that can positively impact bone health 1:21:07 - How weight loss can negatively impact bone health and how exercise can counteract those effects 1:25:50 - Nutrition and supplements for bone health 1:29:16 - Pharmaceutical drugs prescribed for those with low BMD 1:34:53 - Impact of extreme sedentary periods (e.g., bedrest) and how to minimize their damage to bone -------- About: The Peter Attia Drive is a deep-dive podcast focusing on maximizing longevity, and all that goes into that from physical to cognitive to emotional health. With over 90 million episodes downloaded, it features topics including exercise, nutritional biochemistry, cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer’s disease, cancer, mental health, and much more. Peter Attia is the founder of Early Medical, a medical practice that applies the principles of Medicine 3.0 to patients with the goal of lengthening their lifespan and simultaneously improving their healthspan. Learn more: https://peterattiamd.com Connect with Peter on: Facebook: http://bit.ly/PeterAttiaMDFB Twitter: http://bit.ly/PeterAttiaMDTW Instagram: http://bit.ly/PeterAttiaMDIG Subscribe to The Drive: Apple Podcast: http://bit.ly/TheDriveApplePodcasts Overcast: http://bit.ly/TheDriveOvercast Spotify: http://bit.ly/TheDriveSpotify Google Podcasts: http://bit.ly/TheDriveGoogle Disclaimer: This podcast is for general informational purposes only and does not constitute the practice of medicine, nursing, or other professional healthcare services, including the giving of medical advice. No doctor-patient relationship is formed. The use of this information and the materials linked to this podcast is at the user's own risk. The content on this podcast is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Users should not disregard or delay in obtaining medical advice for any medical condition they have, and they should seek the assistance of their healthcare professionals for any such conditions. I take conflicts of interest very seriously. For all of my disclosures and the companies I invest in or advise, please visit my website where I keep an up-to-date and active list of such companies. For a full list of our registered and unregistered trademarks, trade names, and service marks, please review our Terms of Use: https://peterattiamd.com/terms-of-use/