In this 192nd in a series of live discussions with Bret Weinstein and Heather Heying (both PhDs in Biology), we discuss the state of the world through an evolutionary lens. In this episode we discuss how cattle got to the New World, and when and from where, and what that implies about the first cowboys. We discuss the fact that Nature published this compelling piece of research, and Science reported on it all wrong. We marvel that Nature admits that “scientists are under attack for someone else’s political gain”—but are not surprised to find they’ve got it backwards. Meanwhile, the pangolin vector hypothesis for SARS-CoV2 is being revived, and bats are hung out to dry (metaphorically), based on bad, debunked research that was done by researchers with perverse incentives. ***** Our sponsors: MDHearing: Use promo code DARKHORSE to receive a significant discount off your order of already inexpensive, high-quality hearing aids, plus receive a free extra charging case. https://www.mdhearingaid.com Sundays: Dog food so tasty and healthy, even husbands swear by it. Go to www.sundaysfordogs.com/DARKHORSE to receive 35% off your first order. Seed: Start a new healthy habit today with Seed probiotics. Use code darkhorse at https://seed.com/darkhorse to get 25% off your first month of Seed's DS-01® Daily Synbiotic. ***** Join us on Locals! Get access to our Discord server, exclusive live streams, live chats for all streams, and early access to many podcasts: https://darkhorse.locals.com/ Heather’s newsletter, Natural Selections (subscribe to get free weekly essays in your inbox): https://naturalselections.substack.com Our book, A Hunter-Gatherer’s Guide to the 21st Century, is available everywhere books are sold, including from Amazon: https://a.co/d/dunx3at Check out our store! Epic tabby, digital book burning, saddle up the dire wolves, and more: https://darkhorsestore.org ***** Mentioned in this episode: Delsol et al 2023. Ancient DNA confirms diverse origins of early post-Columbian cattle in the Americas. Scientific reports 13(1): 12444. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-39518-3 Sluyter 2015. How Africans and their descendants participated in establishing open-range cattle ranching in the Americas. Environment and History 21(1): 77-101.https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/whp/eh/2015/00000021/00000001/art00005 Science goes full click-bait: https://www.science.org/content/article/america-s-first-cowboys-were-enslaved-africans-ancient-cow-dna-suggests Peter Hotez in Nature: scientists are “under attack for someone else’s political gain”: https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-023-02981-z Ralph Baric revives the pangolin vector of SARS-CoV2 hypothesis, but you weren’t supposed to notice: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41564-023-01476-x Scientific American stokes fear of bats: https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/a-secret-weapon-in-preventing-the-next-pandemic-fruit-bats/ Merlin Tuttle’s defense of bats: https://www.merlintuttle.org/response-to-misleading-american-scientific-bat-story/ Bret on bats in UnHerd, June 2021: https://unherd.com/2021/06/why-we-should-welcome-the-lab-leak-theory/ *****