Sign up to receive Peter's email newsletter: https://bit.ly/4c602k2 Original release date: 12/9/19 In this episode, Bill Harris, Ph.D. in human nutrition and expert on omega-3 fatty acids, sets the table by clearly defining the families of fatty acids (saturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated) before diving into the current landscape of polyunsaturated fat (omega-6 and omega-3) with a particular focus on EPA and DHA (the two main elements of fish oil supplements). Bill gives a historical overview, updates us on the latest science related to the health benefits, and provides plenty of insights as to how we should think about increasing our EPA and DHA intake. We discuss: -Bill’s long history of studying fatty acids [6:30]; -Defining the fatty acids—SFA, MUFA, PUFA, omega-3, omega-6, and more [9:45]; -What is the significance of fatty acids? Why should we care? [19:45]; -History of fat phobia, saturated fat, and does PUFA reduce cholesterol? [23:45]; -Breaking down the conversion process of omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids including how we get to EPA and DHA [28:00]; -Takeaway from Bill’s 1980 study looking at how salmon oil affected cholesterol and triglyceride levels [36:15]; -History of our understanding of omega-3 and its effect on LDL cholesterol [45:00]; -Prescribed fish oil drugs vs. OTC supplements—Differences and recommended brands [52:00]; -Health benefits of EPA [57:45]; -Potential benefits of ALA and how it compares to taking EPA and DHA directly [1:12:45]; -Health benefits of DHA [1:17:15]; -Cell membrane omega-3 index—What is it, the role of genetics, how to increase it, and a recommended target [1:19:00]; -Is EPA or DHA neuroprotective? Can it help with depression? [1:23:30]; -Recommended fish to eat for EPA and DHA – Any mercury concerns? [1:25:45]; -Can omega-3 mitigate risks associated with smoking? [1:29:15]; -The problem with the omega-6 to omega-3 ratio [1:30:00]; -The problem with labeling any kind of fatty acid as “bad” [1:36:00]; -Why increasing EPA and DHA intake matters more than reducing omega-6 intake [1:38:00]; -Important takeaway from the VITAL study [1:46:30]; -Importance of testing your omega-3 index [1:53:00]; -Exciting study coming out soon, and why you need to take your fish oil with food [1:57:15]; and -More. Show notes page: https://peterattiamd.com/billharris/ -------- About: The Peter Attia Drive is a weekly, ultra-deep-dive podcast focusing on maximizing health, longevity, critical thinking…and a few other things. With over 30 million episodes downloaded, it features topics including fasting, ketosis, Alzheimer’s disease, cancer, mental health, and much more. Peter is a physician focusing on the applied science of longevity. His practice deals extensively with nutritional interventions, exercise physiology, sleep physiology, emotional and mental health, and pharmacology to increase lifespan (delay the onset of chronic disease), while simultaneously improving healthspan (quality of life). Learn more: https://peterattiamd.com Subscribe to receive exclusive subscriber-only content: https://peterattiamd.com/subscribe Sign up to receive Peter's email newsletter: https://peterattiamd.com/newsletter Connect with Peter on: Facebook: http://bit.ly/PeterAttiaMDFB Twitter: http://bit.ly/PeterAttiaMDTW Instagram: http://bit.ly/PeterAttiaMDIG Subscribe to The Drive: Apple Podcast: http://bit.ly/TheDriveApplePodcasts Overcast: http://bit.ly/TheDriveOvercast Spotify: http://bit.ly/TheDriveSpotify Google Podcasts: http://bit.ly/TheDriveGoogle