AI isn’t just changing software, it’s causing the biggest buildout of physical infrastructure in modern history. In this episode, live from Runtime, a16z's Raghu Raghuram speaks with Amin Vahdat, VP and GM of AI and Infrastructure at Google, and Jeetu Patel, President and Chief Product Officer at Cisco, about the unprecedented scale of what’s being built, from chips to power grids to global data centers. They discuss the new “AI industrial revolution,” where power, compute, and network are the new scarce resources; how geopolitical competition is shaping chip design and data center placement; and why the next generation of AI infrastructure will demand co-design across hardware, software, and networking. The conversation also covers how enterprises will adapt, why we’re still in the earliest phase of this CapEx supercycle, and how AI inference, reinforcement learning, and multi-site computing will transform how systems are built and run. 00:00 Intro 01:16 The Scale of the AI Buildout 03:00 CapEx, Demand Signals, and the Power Bottleneck 05:56 Data Centers, Scarcity, and Global Power Constraints 08:18 Rethinking Systems and Networking 10:08 Scale-Out vs. Mainframe Architectures 12:18 The Next Wave in Processor Innovation 14:36 Specialized Chips, Power Efficiency, and Geopolitics 16:14 Networking Evolution and Scale Challenges 18:52 Building Networks for AI: Power, Bursts, and Bottlenecks 21:00 Inference Architecture and Cost Reduction 24:00 AI Inside the Enterprise: Code Migration and Productivity 27:30 Rewiring Culture Around Rapid AI Adoption 29:40 Startups, Models, and Intelligent Routing Layers 31:55 The Future of AI Models, Agents, and Media 33:10 Closing Thoughts Resources Full Transcript: https://a16z.substack.com/p/surviving-the-ai-sprint-up-close Follow Raghu on X: https://x.com/RaghuRaghuram Follow Jeetu on X: https://x.com/jpatel41 Follow Amin on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/vahdat/ Find a16z on X: https://x.com/a16z Find a16z on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/a16z Listen to the a16z Podcast on Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/5bC65RDvs3oxnLyqqvkUYX Listen to the a16z Podcast on Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/a16z-podcast/id842818711 Follow our host: https://x.com/eriktorenberg Please note that the content here is for informational purposes only; should NOT be taken as legal, business, tax, or investment advice or be used to evaluate any investment or security; and is not directed at any investors or potential investors in any a16z fund. a16z and its affiliates may maintain investments in the companies discussed. For more details please see a16z.com/disclosures.