Original release date: 1/28/18 In this episode, Francisco Gonzalez-Lima, a Professor of Neuroscience and Pharmacology & Toxicology, explains the vascular hypothesis of Alzheimer’s disease which says the central problem is a progressive neuronal energy crisis of impaired blood flow to the brain and impaired mitochondrial respiration. He walks us through the ways we can intervene in this process and also shares details of the exciting future of Alzheimer’s treatment and prevention. We discuss: -Background and interest in the brain [5:15]; -The unique nature of the human brain [9:15]; -Why we’ve made so little progress in Alzheimer’s research [23:00]; -The amyloid beta hypothesis [28:30]; -Hypometabolism in the brain leading to cognitive decline [39:30]; -Early signs of AD, and deciphering between age-related decline versus something pathologic [47:45]; -The vascular hypothesis of Alzheimer’s disease [54:00]; -The relationship between mitochondria, cytochrome c oxidase, and Alzheimer’s disease [1:08:00]; -Chronic inhibition of cytochrome c oxidase leads to chronic neurodegenerative disease [1:22:45]; -Major risk factors for AD, head trauma, and other forms of dementia [1:33:45]; -Methylene blue for treating and preventing neurodegeneration [1:38:15]; -Current standard of care for AD, and the reasons for a lack of advancement [2:01:45]; -Near infrared light as a targeted treatment for cognitive decline [2:05:30]; -The ketogenic diet as a treatment and preventative measure [2:13:15]; -Exciting future research coming from Francisco [2:13:00]; -Methylene blue for traumatic brain injuries [2:25:15]; and -More. Show notes page: https://peterattiamd.com/franciscogonzalezlima/ About: The Peter Attia Drive is a weekly, ultra-deep-dive podcast focusing on maximizing health, longevity, critical thinking…and a few other things. With over 10 million episodes downloaded, it features topics including fasting, ketosis, Alzheimer’s disease, cancer, mental health, and much more. Peter is the founder of Attia Medical, PC, a medical practice with offices in San Diego and New York City, focusing on the applied science of longevity. The practice applies nutritional biochemistry, exercise physiology, sleep physiology, techniques to increase distress tolerance, lipidology, pharmacology, and four-system endocrinology to increase lifespan (delaying the onset of chronic disease), while simultaneously improving healthspan (quality of life). Learn more: https://peterattiamd.com/ Subscribe to receive exclusive subscriber-only content: https://peterattiamd.com/subscribe/ Sign up to receive Peter's email newsletter: https://peterattiamd.com/newsletter/ Connect with Peter on: Facebook: http://bit.ly/PeterAttiaMDFB Twitter: http://bit.ly/PeterAttiaMDTW Instagram: http://bit.ly/PeterAttiaMDIG Subscribe to The Drive: Apple Podcast: http://bit.ly/TheDriveApplePodcasts Overcast: http://bit.ly/TheDriveOvercast Spotify: http://bit.ly/TheDriveSpotify Google Play: http://bit.ly/TheDriveGooglePlay