The global race for AI dominance is no longer just about companies—it’s about nations. AI isn’t just computing infrastructure; it’s cultural infrastructure, economic strategy, and national security all rolled into one. In this episode, Jensen Huang, founder and CEO of NVIDIA, and Arthur Mensch, cofounder and CEO of Mistral, sit down to discuss sovereign AI, national AI strategies, and why every country must take ownership of its digital intelligence. How AI will reshape global economies and GDP The full AI stack—from chips to models to AI factories Why AI is both a general purpose technology and deeply specialized The open-source vs. closed AI debate and its impact on sovereignty Why no one will build AI for you—you have to do it yourself Is this the most consequential technology shift of all time? If so, the stakes have never been higher. Timecodes: 00:00: The Impact of AI on National Infrastructure 00:39: Is AI a General-Purpose Technology? 02:40: Why Nations Need to Engage AI 03:56: AI and Cultural Infrastructure 07:47: The Role of the Digital Workforce 11:49: Specializing AI for National Needs 13:18: Building a Digital Workforce 27:47: Challenges and Risks of AI Adoption 31:02: Is AI the Greatest Equalizer? 32:51: Open-Source Models 34:23: Collaborative AI Development 35:47: Open-Source AI in Niche Markets 37:17: Balancing Security and Openness 42:02: Company Building Insights 48:16: Navigating Competitive Partnerships 54:11: Future Trends in Computing Resources: Find Arthur on X: https://x.com/arthurmensch Find Anjney on X: https://www.linkedin.com/in/anjney/ Find NVIDIA on X: https://x.com/nvidia Find Mistral: https://x.com/MistralA Stay Updated: Let us know what you think: https://ratethispodcast.com/a16z Find a16z on Twitter: https://twitter.com/a16z Find a16z on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/a16z Subscribe on your favorite podcast app: https://a16z.simplecast.com/ Follow our host: https://twitter.com/stephsmithio Please note that the content here is for informational purposes only; should NOT be taken as legal, business, tax, or investment advice or be used to evaluate any investment or security; and is not directed at any investors or potential investors in any a16z fund. a16z and its affiliates may maintain investments in the companies discussed. For more details please see a16z.com/disclosures.