Was Lamarckian evolution actually right? Neil deGrasse Tyson and co-hosts Chuck Nice and Gary O’Reilly learn about the new field of epigenetics and how the lived experiences of past generations can get genetically passed down with neuroscientist & epigeneticist Bianca Jones Marlin. Bianca shares research from her lab which uses model organisms like mice to study how environmental stressors influence not just the individual but their descendants. Learn about how transgenerational epigenetic inheritance works and how they built an experiment to test it. How does trauma get passed down through the genome? We explore some case studies, including the Dutch Hunger Winter, where the famine experienced during World War II left lasting health impacts on the grandchildren of those who lived through it. We also touch on contemporary parallels in communities facing systemic stressors like food deserts and chronic poverty. Learn about the main olfactory epithelium and how sense of smell is used as a sensory trigger. We explore the potential benefits of understanding epigenetic inheritance, and how future generations could use this knowledge to break cycles of inherited stress. Could this science offer hope for those struggling with inherited health issues like hypertension or anxiety? The episode raises big questions about free will, personal responsibility, and how much control we have over the legacies left to us—and those we pass on. Timestamps: 00:00 - Introduction: Bianca Jones Marlin 2:23 - What is a Model Organism? 3:40 - What is Epigenetic Inheritance? 12:38 - Passing Down Trauma 22:51 - How Long Do Changes Last? 24:30 - When Epigenetics Become Maladaptive 27:30 - Is Heritability Different in Males v. Females? 32:25 - Good Effects within Epigenetics 35:34 - What Lamarck Right? 38:29 - A Conversation with Biology 42:08 - What to do About This Inheritance? 45:10 - Controversy in the Field Check out our second channel, @StarTalkPlus Get the NEW StarTalk book, 'To Infinity and Beyond: A Journey of Cosmic Discovery' on Amazon: https://amzn.to/3PL0NFn Support us on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/startalkradio FOLLOW or SUBSCRIBE to StarTalk: Twitter: http://twitter.com/startalkradio Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/StarTalk Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/startalk About StarTalk: Science meets pop culture on StarTalk! Astrophysicist & Hayden Planetarium director Neil deGrasse Tyson, his comic co-hosts, guest celebrities & scientists discuss astronomy, physics, and everything else about life in the universe. Keep Looking Up! #StarTalk #NeildeGrasseTyson