The realization that matter is composed of atoms and particles is the scientific breakthrough that has most significantly shaped modern civilization.

“the fact that matter is made of atoms and atoms are made of particles really I don't think anything has shaped the world more than that knowledge and awareness”

He argues that basic, curiosity-driven research is essential because it leads to unpredictable discoveries and inventions that ultimately benefit humanity.

“I think part of the message of this book is that basic research, curiosity-driven research, we don't know where it's going to lead, but that's where you got to begin. And eventually it'll lead to discoveries, and those discoveries might lead to inventions, and those inventions might be useful.”