Endogenous fructose production, stimulated by high glucose and salt, drives metabolic syndrome and obesity independently of caloric intake.

“one of the breakthroughs was the discovery that it's not just the fructose we eat but that the body can make fructose and when the body makes enough fructose it can activate this pathway”

Mitochondrial dysfunction may be a causal factor in the development of type 2 diabetes rather than just a consequence.

“the big question still to this date almost 1516 years later is is that actually causal for the diabetes or is it just an early epiphenomena there's something else X that lies upstream of the amount of mitochondria and independently the predisposition to diabetes or is that a part of the causal path”