Logic is best understood as the entailment relation at the very bottom of any truth theory that governs logical vocabulary.

“I think the best way of thinking about logic, where I use that as shorthand for logical consequence, logical entailment, logical validity, is to think of it as the entailment relation at the very bottom of the entailment relation in any truth theory.”

Non-classical or sub-classical logic suggests that the underlying account of logical consequence is weaker than classical logic, allowing for phenomena like true contradictions or truth gaps.

“non-classical logic or sub-classical logic is going going to weaken It's going to say, "Listen, our underlying account of uh logical consequence, right? Our our underlying entailment relation that closes all of our truth theories is going to be weaker than what classical logic says it is.”

Metaphysicians use reasoning principles and logical principles to attempt to identify conceptually coherent frameworks for scientific inquiry.

“maybe the metaphysician is trying to pick out like conceptually coherent Frameworks for some kind of scientific inquiry to even sort of take place in”

The claim that logical arguments from evil are definitively refuted is incorrect as stronger versions of the argument still exist in contemporary philosophy.

“So, a important qualification then to add having conceded that yeah, okay, nobody really defends the simple one anymore is there are still people defending better versions of the logical argument and and very recently, like within the last five or six years, there have been defenses of logical versi”