Layne Norton is a nutrition scientist & accomplished power athlete,who returns to The Drive for a conversation that departs from the show’s usual format. In this episode, Layne presents the evidence-based case that seed oils are not uniquely harmful under isocaloric conditions, while Peter steelmans the strongest versions of the opposing argument that seed oils are inherently harmful. They examine how scientific bias & evidence are evaluated, revisit the historical randomized controlled trials that shaped the seed oil controversy, & explore the mechanistic biology underlying LDL oxidation & atherosclerosis. Along the way, Layne unpacks the chemistry & processing of modern seed oils, assesses evolutionary & ancestral nutrition arguments, clarifies the relationship between seed oils, ultra-processed foods, & contemporary dietary patterns, & situates these questions within the larger context of lifestyle factors that drive cardiometabolic health. Layne concludes by offering practical considerations around dietary fats, cooking oils, & real-world food choices. View show notes here: https://bit.ly/4pM7aH0 Become a member to receive exclusive content: https://peterattiamd.com/subscribe/ Sign up to receive Peter's email newsletter: https://peterattiamd.com/newsletter/ 0:00:00-Intro 0:00:11-The idea behind this episode 0:08:49-4 arguments behind claims that seed oils are harmful 0:11:00-The Minnesota Coronary Experiment 0:15:45-Differences among saturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, & trans fats 0:22:01-Missing trans fat data as a confounder in studies 0:26:53-The Sydney Diet Heart Study 0:33:38-Debating whether evidence from RCTs support the idea that seed oils are uniquely harmful 0:36:44-The Rose Corn Oil trial 0:42:37 - 3 studies where replacing saturated fat with polyunsaturated fat produced different results than earlier trials 0:49:39-Why the evidence is pointing towards cardiovascular risk reduction when substituting polyunsaturated fat for saturated fat 1:00:34-What Mendelian randomization says about the causal role of LDL cholesterol in ASCVD 1:12:09-The compounding effects of life-long exposure to high LDL-c 1:20:49-Does the linoleic acid content of seed oils cause inflammation? 1:27:50-Does the linoleic acid content of seed oils increase oxidized LDL? 1:36:05-Analogy to explain why lower LDL particle number outweighs higher per-particle oxidation risk when comparing polyunsaturated fats to saturated fats 1:38:22-The role of oxidized LDL in CVD 1:45:37-Examining whether industrial processing & solvent extraction of seed oils could plausibly cause long-term harm 1:53:55-The “ancestral diet” argument against seed oils 2:02:15-Weighing concerns about industrial processing of seed oils against the totality of evidence 2:05:17-Practical considerations around dietary fats, cooking oils, & real-world food choices 2:18:26-Comparing the health impact of seed oils with that of caloric intake & activity levels -------- About: The Peter Attia Drive is a deep-dive podcast focusing on maximizing longevity, & all that goes into that from physical to cognitive to emotional health. With over 90 million episodes downloaded, it features topics including exercise, nutritional biochemistry, cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer’s disease, cancer, mental health, & much more. Peter Attia is the founder of Early Medical, a medical practice that applies the principles of Medicine 3.0 to patients with the goal of lengthening their lifespan & simultaneously improving their healthspan. Learn more: https://peterattiamd.com Connect with Peter on: Facebook: http://bit.ly/PeterAttiaMDFB Twitter: http://bit.ly/PeterAttiaMDTW Instagram: http://bit.ly/PeterAttiaMDIG Subscribe to The Drive: Apple Podcast: http://bit.ly/TheDriveApplePodcasts Overcast: http://bit.ly/TheDriveOvercast Spotify: http://bit.ly/TheDriveSpotify Google Podcasts: http://bit.ly/TheDriveGoogle Disclaimer: This podcast is for general informational purposes only and does not constitute the practice of medicine, nursing, or other professional healthcare services, including the giving of medical advice. No doctor-patient relationship is formed. The use of this information and the materials linked to this podcast is at the user's own risk. The content on this podcast is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Users should not disregard or delay in obtaining medical advice for any medical condition they have, and they should seek the assistance of their healthcare professionals for any such conditions. I take conflicts of interest very seriously. For all of my disclosures and the companies I invest in or advise, please visit my website where I keep an up-to-date and active list of such companies. For a full list of our registered and unregistered trademarks, trade names, and service marks, please review our Terms of Use: https://peterattiamd.com/terms-of-use/