View show notes here: https://bit.ly/3AZd7wL Become a member to receive exclusive content: https://peterattiamd.com/subscribe/ Sign up to receive Peter's email newsletter: https://peterattiamd.com/newsletter/ Marty Makary, a Johns Hopkins surgeon and New York Times bestselling author, returns to The Drive to discuss his latest book, Blind Spots: When Medicine Gets It Wrong, and What It Means for Our Health. In this episode, Marty explores how a new generation of doctors is challenging long-held medical practices by asking critical new questions. He discusses the major problems of groupthink and cognitive dissonance in the medical community and delves into several of the "blind spots" raised in the book, including treatments for appendicitis, the peanut allergy epidemic, misunderstandings about HRT and breast cancer, antibiotic use, and the evolution of childbirth. He explains the urgent need for reform in medical education and the major barriers standing in the way of innovative medical research. Throughout the conversation, Marty offers insightful reflections on where medicine has succeeded and where there’s still room to challenge historic practices and embrace new approaches. We discuss: 0:00:00 - Intro 0:01:10 - The issue of groupthink and cognitive dissonance in science and medicine 0:06:30 - How a non-operative treatment for appendicitis sheds light on cognitive dissonance 0:13:22 - How cognitive dissonance and effort justification shape beliefs and actions 0:17:53 - How misguided peanut allergy recommendations created an epidemic 0:26:15 - The enduring impact of misinformation and fear-based messaging around hormone replacement therapy allegedly causing breast cancer 0:29:13 - The dangers of extreme skepticism and blind faith in science, and the importance of understanding uncertainty and probability 0:35:45 - The overuse of antibiotics and the rise of antibiotic resistant infections and poor gut health 0:43:09 - The potential correlations between early antibiotic use and chronic diseases 0:53:29 - The historical and evolving trends in childbirth and C-section rates 1:09:57 - Rethinking ovarian cancer: recent data challenging decades of medical practice and leading to new preventive measures 1:26:10 - Navigating uncertainty as a physician 1:28:40 - The urgent need for reform in medical education 1:34:55 - The major barriers to innovative medical research 1:46:45 - The dogmatic culture of academic medicine: why humility and challenging established norms are key for progress 2:01:30 - The major successes and ongoing challenges of modern medicine -------- About: The Peter Attia Drive is a deep-dive podcast focusing on maximizing longevity, and all that goes into that from physical to cognitive to emotional health. With over 90 million episodes downloaded, it features topics including exercise, nutritional biochemistry, cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer’s disease, cancer, mental health, and much more. Peter Attia is the founder of Early Medical, a medical practice that applies the principles of Medicine 3.0 to patients with the goal of lengthening their lifespan and simultaneously improving their healthspan. Learn more: https://peterattiamd.com Connect with Peter on: Facebook: http://bit.ly/PeterAttiaMDFB Twitter: http://bit.ly/PeterAttiaMDTW Instagram: http://bit.ly/PeterAttiaMDIG Subscribe to The Drive: Apple Podcast: http://bit.ly/TheDriveApplePodcasts Overcast: http://bit.ly/TheDriveOvercast Spotify: http://bit.ly/TheDriveSpotify Google Podcasts: http://bit.ly/TheDriveGoogle Disclaimer: This podcast is for general informational purposes only and does not constitute the practice of medicine, nursing, or other professional healthcare services, including the giving of medical advice. No doctor-patient relationship is formed. The use of this information and the materials linked to this podcast is at the user's own risk. The content on this podcast is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Users should not disregard or delay in obtaining medical advice for any medical condition they have, and they should seek the assistance of their healthcare professionals for any such conditions. I take conflicts of interest very seriously. For all of my disclosures and the companies I invest in or advise, please visit my website where I keep an up-to-date and active list of such companies. For a full list of our registered and unregistered trademarks, trade names, and service marks, please review our Terms of Use: https://peterattiamd.com/terms-of-use/