The perception of pain is a subjective experience that can be influenced by internal and external factors such as expectation, anxiety, sleep, and circadian timing.

“There's several things that can impact these experiences, but the main categories are expectation, if someone tells you this is going to hurt, I'm going to, you know, give you an injection right here, it might hurt for a second, that's very different and your experience of that pain will be very dif”

Vocalizing pain serves a biological function as an involuntary alarm system to alert others to threats and to solicit help.

“If you're a herd animal and you get attacked by a tiger and you go, uh, then all of your conspecifics go, okay, there's a problem, got to go. And the the grunt, the moan is almost involuntary.”