Unwrap the truth about your food 👉 ⁠Get the ZOE app https://joinzoe.onelink.me/XebC/9r7grdmf Can pills and powders really improve our health? Despite their clinical look, most supplements aren’t tested with the scientific rigour we expect from medical treatments, and many don’t live up to their promises. Today, we're joined by two of ZOE’s top scientists to reveal the truth. They discuss groundbreaking new research and share the results of a brand new randomized controlled trial that could reshape how we think about supplements and introduce an entirely new kind. Tim Spector is one of the world’s top 100 most cited scientists, a professor of epidemiology, and ZOE’s scientific co-founder. He’s joined by Dr. Sarah Berry, a world leading expert in large scale human nutrition studies, Professor of Nutrition at King’s College London, and Chief Scientist at ZOE. By the end of this episode, you’ll have the latest science to help you make informed decisions about supplements and understand what your gut health really needs in 2025. Follow ZOE on Instagram | https://www.instagram.com/zoe/ Timecodes 00:00 Can supplements actually harm your health? 02:55 Why vitamin pills can do more harm than good 05:45 The truth behind scurvy, rickets, and early nutrition 08:30 Why we’re still stuck in a post-war supplement mindset 11:17 Should you supplement if you’re not deficient? 14:03 What calcium supplements really does to your heart 16:49 The real reason food companies add vitamins 19:20 The problem with your diet isn’t deficiency 21:45 Why fixing your diet is harder than it sounds 24:30 Why we need a new kind of supplement 27:09 Whole plants vs powders: why structure matters 29:40 Why plant diversity is the future of gut health 32:10 What’s the difference between prebiotics and probiotics? 35:05 Inside the randomized trial testing a new gut supplement 40:00 How the gut supplement changed the microbiome 42:31 Why probiotics worked… but much less 45:11 The surprising link between microbes and mood 48:22 How much did cholesterol and inflammation improve? 51:33 Could this reshape how we supplement in the future? 📚Books by our ZOE Scientists The Food For Life Cookbook | https://amzn.to/4amfIMX Every Body Should Know This by Dr Federica Amati | https://amzn.to/4blJsLg Food For Life by Prof. Tim Spector | https://amzn.to/4amZinu Free resources from ZOE: Live Healthier: Top 10 Tips From ZOE Science & Nutrition | https://zoe.com/freeguide Gut Guide - For a Healthier Microbiome in Weeks | https://zoe.com/gutguide Mentioned in today's episode The Evolution of Science and Regulation of Dietary Supplements: Past, Present, and Future The Journal of Nutrition (2024) https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022316624003560 Supplemental Vitamins and Minerals for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Treatment, Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2021) https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33509399/ Long-term multivitamin supplementation and cognitive function in men: a randomized trial, National Library of Medicine (2013) https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24490265/ A diverse high-fibre plant-based dietary intervention improves gut microbiome composition, gut symptoms, energy and hunger in healthy adults: a randomised controlled trial, MedRxiv (2024) https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.02.24309816v1 On Calcium supplementation: Dietary calcium intake and risk of fracture and osteoporosis: prospective longitudinal cohort study, British Medical Journal (2011) https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21610048/ Have feedback or a topic you'd like us to cover? Let us know here: https://gf6hx47iu5g.typeform.com/topicsuggestion Episode transcripts are available here: https://zoe.com/learn/category/podcasts