Dr. Read Montague, PhD, is a professor and director of the Center for Human Neuroscience Research at Virginia Tech’s Fralin Biomedical Research Institute and an expert in how dopamine and serotonin shape human learning, motivation and decision-making. We discuss how they impact focused effort in the context of short- and long-term goals of all kinds. Also, how SSRIs and low-effort, high-engagement activities reduce the rewarding properties of dopamine, and how AI algorithms are revolutionizing understanding of the brain. Full show notes and resources: https://go.hubermanlab.com/CgI5pMA *Thank you to our sponsors* AG1: ⁠https://drinkag1.com/huberman David: ⁠https://davidprotein.com/huberman Joovv: ⁠https://joovv.com/huberman Function: ⁠https://functionhealth.com/huberman LMNT: ⁠https://drinklmnt.com/huberman *Timestamps* 00:00:00 Read Montague 00:02:54 Dopamine, Motivation & Learning 00:08:49 Reward Prediction Error, Expectations 00:12:24 Sponsors: David & Joovv 00:14:54 Foraging, Dating, Expectations vs Outcomes; AI 00:23:36 Dopamine, Expectation, Motivation; Forward Drive; Dopamine “Hits” 00:29:58 Baseline Dopamine & Fluctuations; Parkinson’s Disease 00:34:36 Movement, Urgency; ADHD, Bee’s Dance, Explorer vs Focus Mode 00:42:29 Sponsor: AG1 00:43:40 Social Media, ADHD; Explorers vs Task-Based, Combat 00:50:54 Effort, Learning; Social Media & Phones, Resisting Behaviors 01:01:36 Serotonin & Dopamine, Opponency, SSRIs 01:11:21 Hunger, Dopamine; Negative Feedback, Learning, Trauma; Torture 01:18:34 Drugs of Abuse & High Dopamine 01:19:48 Sponsor: Function 01:21:35 Trauma & Dopamine Adaptation 01:27:34 SSRIs, Dopamine, Positive Experiences 01:29:50 Deep Brain Stimulation; Measuring Dopamine & Serotonin in Humans 01:36:16 Sleep; Divorce; Science is a Contact Sport 01:45:14 Long-Term Motivation, Learning How to Fail, Tool: Kids & Sports 01:54:14 Sponsor: LMNT 01:55:34 Meditation, Breathing, Learning; Dopamine as a Currency 02:04:38 Function of Sleep, Motivation; Time Perception & Dopamine, Tracking Time 02:13:18 LLMs, AI, Uses & Problem Solving 02:18:33 Future Projects, Commercial Brain-Machine Interfaces; Concentration 02:25:57 Dopamine “Hits”?; Depression & Schizophrenia; Quitting 02:30:17 Dopamine & Serotonin Misunderstandings; Internal Satisfaction; Motivation 02:35:58 Serotonin Syndrome; Acknowledgements 02:38:31 Zero-Cost Support, YouTube, Spotify & Apple Follow, Reviews & Feedback, Sponsors, Protocols Book, Social Media, Neural Network Newsletter #HubermanLab #Science #Dopamine #Serotonin #Learning ⁠Disclaimer & Disclosures: https://www.hubermanlab.com/disclaimer