Heart rate variability is a valuable metric for assessing overall mental, physical, and emotional health and is modifiable through consistent lifestyle habits.

“I think why people are obsessed about it is it's just it is a really good marker of just the overall state of your mental physical and emotional health”

The c2n test should be reserved for high-risk patients to maintain its positive predictive value rather than used as a general screening tool.

“if you applied the c2n test willy-nilly across everybody my fear is you would probably get a lot of noise and you would I mean I don't this isn't an arbitrary fear it's just mathematics you're going to get a lower positive predictive value”

Lp(a) measurements should be reported in nanomoles per liter rather than milligrams per deciliter for better accuracy.

“and this is clearly the the way to go we have to move away from measurements in in milligrams per deciliter which is really influenced by the isoform size of lpa and the measurement in nanomolar will actually give you a much better sense of the number of lpa particles in the circulation”

Epigenetic clocks are potentially reliable tools for assessing health status, provided that statistical methods are used to remove technical noise.

“So, we actually developed a statistical method that completely removes all this technical noise, and I won't go into the math for people on the podcast, but basically, we can get this down to you can split the sample and now you're getting only about one-year difference at max.”

Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) mass or activity measurements are not useful for guiding clinical treatment because they do not predict cardiovascular outcomes in clinical trials.

“first of all the data is pretty poor most people don't even know the only thing the FDA has given that approval for is as a screening test in primary prevention never ever for anybody on a lipid modulating drug or on who has known coronary atherosclerosis”